RESUMEN Introducción: La validación de cuestionarios es fundamental en el proceso de medición de cualquier estudio de investigación. El cuestionario Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) es útil como tamizaje para la detección de enfermedades reumáticas. Objetivo: Adecuar y validar la metodología y el cuestionario COPCORD en población colom biana. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de validación de metodología COPCORD que incluyó: 1) adecuación transcultural del cuestionario COPCORD del español mexicano, y 2) validación de los cuestionarios: COPCORD, cuestionario de nivel socioeconómico, uso de servicios de salud y un instrumento de calidad de vida (EQ-5D-3L), siguiendo las guías internacionales. Resultados: Participaron 329 sujetos de 6 ciudades de Colombia, 10 en la primera fase del estudio y 309 en la segunda; un 67,3% fueron mujeres, con una edad promedio de 46,4 años, con una escolaridad entre básica y media (77%). Los participantes residían en Bogotá (29,4%), Barranquilla (22%), Cali (20,3%), Medellín (15,2%), Bucaramanga (6,4%) y Cúcuta (6,4%). Repor taron dolor musculoesquelético en los últimos 7 días el 43,6% y dolor histórico el 68,9%. En 127 (41,1%) se estableció un diagnóstico reumatológico: osteoartrosis (9,3%), síndrome de dolor regional (5,5%), lumbalgia (5,1%) y artritis reumatoide (0,9%). La validez interna fue de 0,70. Al comparar el cuestionario COPCORD con la revisión por el reumatólogo, tuvo una sensibilidad del 70,8%, una especificidad del 35%, una razón de verosimilitud positiva de 1,09 y un área bajo la curva de 0,53. Conclusiones: El cuestionario COPCORD es válido como prueba de tamizaje de detección de malestares musculoesqueléticos y enfermedades reumáticas en población colombiana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The validation of questionnaires is fundamental in the measurement process of any research study. The Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Dis eases (COPCORD) questionnaire is useful as a screening tool for the detection of rheumatic diseases. Objective: To adapt and validate the methodology and the COPCORD questionnaire in the Colombian population. Materials and methods: A validation study of the COPCORD methodology was carried out that included: (1) transcultural adaptation of the COPCORD questionnaire of Mexican Spanish, and (2) validation of the questionnaires: COPCORD, socioeconomic level questionnaire, use of health services and a quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), following international guidelines. Results: A total of 329 subjects of 6 cities in Colombia participated in the process, with 10 in the first phase and 309 in the second. Approximately two-thirds (67.3%) were women. The mean age was 46.4±18.4 years, with an educational level between basic and medium (77%). Participants resided in Bogota (29.4%), Barranquilla (22%), Cali (20.3%), Medellin (15.2%), Bucaramanga (6.4%), and Cucuta (6.4%). Musculoskeletal pain in the previous 7 days was reported by 43.6%, and historical pain was reported by 68.9%. A rheumatological diagnosis was established in 127 (41.1%) cases: osteoarthrosis (9.3%), regional pain syndromes (5.5%), low back pain (5.1%), and rheumatoid arthritis (0.9%). The internal validity was 0.70. When comparing the COPCORD questionnaire with the diagnosis made by the rheumatologist, it had a sensitivity of 70.8%, specificity 35%, positive likelihood ratio of 1.09 m and area under the curve of 0.53. Conclusions: The COPCORD questionnaire is valid as a screening test to detect musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatic diseases in the Colombian population.

INTRODUÇÃO: A regurgitação mitral não tratada resulta em aumento da mortalidade em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. O Sistema Mitralign de Anuloplastia Mitral Percutânea propicia uma opção de tratamento sem cirurgia em casos selecionados, com dilatação do anel mitral. MÉTODO: O procedimento é realizado por meio de uma única punção da artéria femoral com introdutor 14 F, sendo usados para visualização tanto a fluoroscopia como o ecocardiograma transesofágico. O cateter-guia é manobrado até o ventrículo esquerdo e posicionado sob o anel da valva mitral. Um sistema de cateteres implanta fios de sutura no anel mitral posterior, que são então aproximados mediante um sistema de tração, remodelando o anel valvar. Uma vez alcançado o resultado desejado as suturas são fixadas e cortadas. RESULTADOS: O procedimento foi realizado em 6 pacientes e foi bem tolerado. A duração do procedimento foi, em média, inferior a duas horas e, na maioria dos casos (4/6), houve redução imediata da regurgitação mitral. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por até 12 meses. Não ocorreu nenhum óbito, estando 4 pacientes em classe I, 1 paciente em classe II e 1 paciente em classe III da New York Heart Association. Obteve-se redução significativa dos diâmetros ventriculares esquerdos e também do tamanho do átrio esquerdo após os primeiros 90 dias de acompanhamento. CONCLUSÃO: Essa técnica pode ser realizada com segurança e mostra benefício considerável para pacientes selecionados, nos quais a cirurgia não é uma boa opção. Maior número de pacientes tratados com esse novo procedimento nos permitirá compreender melhor os limites da anuloplastia mitral percutânea.

BACKGROUND: Untreated mitral regurgitation results in increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The Mitralign Percutaneous Annuloplasty System provides a treatment option without surgery in selected cases with mitral annulus dilation. METHODS: The procedure is performed through a single 14 F femoral artery puncture; fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography are both used for visualization. The guide catheter is maneuvered into the left ventricle and positioned at the posterior mitral annulus. A catheter system places sutured pledgets into the posterior mitral annulus and these implants are pulled together to remodel the mitral valve annulus. Once the desired effects are achieved, the suture is locked and cut. RESULTS: The procedure was performed in 6 patients and was well tolerated. Procedure times were generally < 2 hours and in most cases (4/6) immediate mitral regurgitation reduction was achieved. All patients were followed up to 12 months. There were no deaths and 4 patients were New York Heart Association class I, one was class II and one class III. There was a significant reduction of the left ventricular diameters, and left atrium size after the first 90 days of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Direct percutaneous mitral annuloplasty is achievable and reproducible. This is a technique that can be performed safely and shows a considerable benefit for selected patients in whom surgery is not a good option. A higher number of patients treated with this new procedure will provide us with a better understanding of the limitations of percutaneous mitral annuloplasty approach.

The MINI (International Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview) is a brief and high structured interview of the main psychiatric disorders of the IDC - 10 and DSM-IV in order to be employed by psychiatrists and physicians not psychiatrists afterwards short time training. It was elaborated by Y. Lecrubier from the "Salpetriere" in Paris and D. Sheehan from the Florida University in Tampa between the years1992, 1994 and 1998. Objective: To determine the prevalence of most common mental disorders in medicine students. Material and methods: The MINI was applied in 250 medicine students. Results: We found a high prevalence of mental disorders (42.64%) outstanding the depression (31.35%) and the anxiety (22.22%) this values are higher than the general population. Conclusion: Data suggest a serious problem of mental disorders in young people. We recommend to study the population between 20 to 30 years old to confirm this preliminary report. (Rev Med Hered 2001; 13: 19-25).

La MINI (Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional) es una entrevista breve y altamente estructurada de los principales trastornos psiquiátricos de la CIE-10 y DSM-IV para ser empleado por psiquiatras y médicos no psiquiatras después de un corto tiempo de entrenamiento. Fue elaborada por Y. Lecrubier y col. de la "Salpétrére" de París y D. Scheehan y col. de la universidad de Florida en Tampa en los años 1992, 1994 y 1998. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo (teniendo como base la CIE - 10) fue determinar la prevalencia de punto fijo de los trastornos mentales más frecuentes en alumnos de medicina de cuarto, quinto y sexto año. Material y métodos: Se aplicó el MINI a 250 estudiantes de medicina de 4º, 5º y 6º años. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia alta de trastornos mentales (45.60%) sobresaliendo la depresión (31.60%) y la ansiedad (22.40%) siendo estos valores mayores que en la población general. Conclusión: Las altas cifras encontradas sugieren un problema grave de salud mental en nuestra juventud por lo que se recomienda que en otros niveles universitarios, institutos y ambiente laboral de la población entre los 20 y 30 años sea estudiada para confirmar este informe preliminar. (Rev Med Hered 2001; 13: 19-25).

One stage chemical and steam peeling of asparagus, Argentuil variety, has been studied. Response Surface Methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the variables, NaOH concentration of bath (20, 40, 60 g/kg), bath temperature (55, 70, 85ºC) and the peeling time (30, 75, 120 seconds) on yield and peeling quality. For steam peeling process the effect of peeling time (10, 20, 30 seconds) and asparagus size on the mentioned responses was also studied. Statistical models developed for chemical peeling of asparagus were appropriate; processing conditions for optimum peeling quality and highest yield were found in regions of low NaOH bath concentration, short peeling time and high bath temperature. The optimum steam peeling time, for both asparagus sizes, was 20 seconds, for a steam pressure of 5.1 kg/cm2.

Se ha estudiado el pelado químico y termofísico en una etapa de espárragos de la variedad Argentuil. Para el pelado químico se utilizó la Metodología de la Superficie de Respuesta, evaluando el efecto que las variables concentración del baño de NaOH (20, 40, 60 g/kg), temperatura del baño (55, 70, 85ºC) y tiempo de pelado (30, 75, 120 segundos) tienen sobre el rendimiento de la operación y la calidad del pelado. Para el pelado termofísico se estudió el efecto que el tiempo de pelado (10, 20, 30 segundos) y el tamaño del espárrago ejercen sobre las respuestas mencionadas. Se determinó que los modelos estadísticos obtenidos para el pelado químico fueron apropiados, encontrándose que la mejor calidad de pelado y más altos rendimientos se ubican para condiciones de baja concentración de NaOH, corto tiempo y alta temperatura. En el pelado termofísico el tiempo óptimo de procesamiento, para ambos tamaños de espárragos, fue de 20 segundos, para una presión de trabajo de 5,1 kg/m2.